The main pollutants include carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ozone (O₃), fine particles (PM2.5 and PM10), and lead (Pb).

Sources include motor vehicles, industries, waste burning, cigarette smoke, forest fires, and household activities.

It can cause respiratory problems, eye irritation, coughing, asthma, heart disease, and even lung cancer with long-term exposure.

It causes acid rain, damages plants, contaminates water and soil, and contributes to climate change.

Reduce private vehicle use, plant trees, use clean energy, avoid burning waste, and support environmental policies.

Regular cloth or medical masks are less effective. Masks with filters, such as N95 or KN95, are better at filtering fine particles (PM2.5).

Children, the elderly, pregnant women, and people with lung or heart diseases.

Avoid outdoor activities when air quality is poor, wear an N95 mask, drink plenty of water, eat nutritious food, and use an air purifier indoors.

Yes. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and other pollutants, produce oxygen, lower temperatures, and improve air quality.